Trade Resources and Legislation
Bearing industry related policy, legislation, import controls, export controls,
national security issues, antidumping impact, tariffs, duties and trade statistics.
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1994)
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, as established in 1947. It came into force in January 1948 and was updated in 1994.
The complete text of the original 1947 agreement is here
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Text of the NAFTA Agreement
The NAFTA Secretariat's website
The NAFTA Canadian Secretariat's website
The NAFTA Mexican Secretariat's website
The NAFTA United States Secretariat's website
• Wassenaar Arrangement
A separate page on eBearing.com dedicated to the Wassenaar Arrangement of 1996, whose full name is the
Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
Created in 1994, the World Trade Organization extends the GATT to expand its basic principles. Members of the
WTO must adopt trade regulations which meet these stricter guidelines, but encourages broad and free trade
between members.
•
World Trade Organization (WTO) on Antidumping
The WTO's home web page for antidumping and countervailing duty proceedings.
•
World Trade Organization (WTO) on Tariffs
The WTO's new information gateway on tariffs explains how they work, how they are applied,
and the rules governing WTO member use of tariffs.
•
Tariff, Duty and Customs Information
• Bearing Manufacturers Fined for Price Fixing and Collusion
• Rupee nomenclature - lakh, lacs and crore -- explained
• Dumping Investigation: Ball Bearings from China, Poland, Russia, Romania
• Excise Duty Exemption for Small Scale Bearing Manufacturers
• Anti-Dumping Duties Levied: Ball Bearings from China, Poland, Russia, Romania
• Anti-Dumping Duties Levied: Ball Bearings from China, Poland, Russia, Romania: preliminary findings
• India's Ministry of Commerce and Industry: 2003 preliminary findings
• Anti-Dumping Duties Reversed: Ball Bearings from China, Poland, Russia, Romania: final determination
• India's Ministry of Commerce and Industry: 2004 final determination
• India and Thailand reset bearing tariffs (August 2004)
• Duty drawback allowance lowered on bearings
• Border reopened to Afghan bearing trade
• Anti-Dumping and Anti-Subsidy Regulations
• Romania's Bearing Plan 2001-2005 and 2006-2010
• State Committee Roller Bearing Standards
• Special Duties on Bearings from Kazakhstan (March 2002)
• Thailand and India reset bearing tariffs (August 2004)
• eBearing's detailed tables of U.S. tariffs and duties on bearings
• The Quick Quote tariff computer from the U.S. Trade Information Center
(requires that you supply the product's Harmonized Schedule identification number)
• Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (July 1, 2004)
• Most Favored Nation tariff schedules for bearings (Sept. 2002)
• U.S. Customs Entry Information Requirements for antifriction bearings
• U.S. Customs list of specialists responsible for bearing importation
• U.S. Defense Department sourcing exemption for bearings from the UK
• U.S. Small Business Administration Nonmanufacturer Rule for Bearings
• ADCVD.com: Guide to U.S. Antidumping & Countervailing Duty Law
ADCVD.com is a website not affiliated with the U.S. government, but which does provide access to a wide variety
of generalized information and commentary. Put together by a partner at the offices of Steptoe and Johnson, a
well-known Washington law firm specializing in trade and international law where the practice has a particular emphasis on
antidumping and countervailing duty regulations.
• Glossary of AD/CVD Terms (U.S. Department of Commerce)
A glossary (from "Administrative Protective Order to "Viability") of terms as used by the U.S. Department of
Commerce and International Trade Administration. Keep in mind the glossary's explanations are general, not formal
regulations or rules.
• Antidumping Act of 1916 - Antitrust Statute (15 U.S.C. 72)
-- repealed December 3, 2004 --
The Antidumping Act states that selling imported goods within the U.S. is unlawful if those goods are
imported or sold at a price lower than the actual market price in country of origin,
providing for civil and/or criminal prosecution, penalties and damages, via the U.S. Federal Court system.
The complete text of the original Act is here
• Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1671-1677k)
The fundamental piece of legislation governing United States AD/CVD proceedings, codified at Sections 701
to 783 of Title 19 of the United States Code (19 U.S.C. 1671-1677k).
• Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 (Byrd amendment)
-- repealed as of fiscal 2007 payouts --
eBearing's separate section dedicated to the CDSOA/Byrd Amendment, implementation, bearing industry effects
and payouts, WTO proceedings, and third party commentary.
• Antidumping / Countervailing Duty Regulations (June 18, 1997)
The U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration revised its regulations on antidumping and
countervailing duty proceedings, effective June 18, 1997. These new rules adjust antidumping / countervailing duty
procedures so that the Department's regulations conform to the Uruguay Round
Agreements Act, which implemented the results of the Uruguay Round multilateral trade negotiations.
• ITC Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Handbook (Publication 3257; 2005)
This unofficial handbook, a staff publication of the USITC Office of Investigations, is now in its eleventh edition.
It provides informal guidance about the filing of antidumping and countervailing duty petitions and the investigations
and review process that follows.
• DOC Import Administration Antidumping Manual (1997)
A semi-official handbook. This 1997 edition of the manual incorporates changes to Title VII of the Tariff Act
of 1930 resulting from the passage of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act on December 8, 1994. The manual also
includes procedural and technical information from the Administration's Statement of Administrative Action, as well
as 19 CFR 351, the Department of Commerce antidumping regulations. Includes a comprehensive glossary.
• Antidumping duty appeals and amendments - Remand Redeterminations
• Antidumping duty Administrative Reviews
• Antidumping duty Liquidation Instructions to U.S. Customs
• Preliminary antidumping duties on ball bearings and parts from China:
Table from eBearing.com (October 2002, vacated April 2003)
•
Antidumping duties on ball bearings and parts from China:
Federal Register Notice Vol. 67 #199 pages 63609-63616 (Oct. 2002)
• Antidumping duties on ball bearings and parts from France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom (Sept. 2002)
and
• as amended for Koyo and NTN ball bearings from Japan (Oct. 2002)
The U.S. Department of Commerce and White House Office of Management
and Budget publish a variety of manufacturing and economic reports.
•
Manufacturing in America 2004: A Comprehensive Strategy
to Address the Challenges to U.S. Manufacturers
(PDF: 90 pages: U.S. Department of Commerce, January 2004)
This 90-page report was released on January 16, 2004, by Secretary of Commerce Donald L. Evans. It comes
after a series of over 20 industry-specific roundtables that were held in various U.S. cities during 2003.
•
Regulatory Reform of the U.S. Manufacturing Sector : 2005
(PDF: 67 pages: OMB Report: January 2005)
Current Industrial Reports
Yearly, the U.S. Census Bureau produces a series of studies,
the Current Industrial Reports (CIR), which include
not only manufacturing but also import / export activity. Report MA332Q covers Antifriction Bearings.
•
Current Industrial Reports - CIR
MA332Q - Antifriction Bearings
2002 Economic Census Industry Reports
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts an economic census every five years. The latest 2002 Economic Census
information became available in segments from 2004 through 2005, and revisions may be made through 2006.
Four of the Economic Census reports cover bearing-related NAICS codes.
•
NAICS 332991 - Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing
•
Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing 2002 : EC02 - 31I - 332991 (RV)
[ 10 pages in PDF format; published January 2005 ]
•
NAICS 333613 - Plain Bearing Manufacturing
(incl. with Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing 2002)
•
Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing 2002
EC02 - 31I - 333613 (RV)
[ 10 pages in PDF format; published December 2004 ]
•
NAICS 336312 - Engine Bearing Manufacturing
(incl. with Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing)
•
Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing 2002
EC02 - 31I - 336312 (RV)
[ 12 pages in PDF format; published December 2004 ]
•
NAICS 421840 - Bearing Wholesaling
(incl. with Industrial Supplies Wholesalers)
•
Industrial Supplies Wholesale Trade 2002: EC02 - 421-07
[ 12 pages in PDF format; published July 2004 ]
•
Industrial Supplies Wholesale Trade 2002
Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers: EC02 - 421-07
[ 12 pages in PDF format; published July 2004 ]
The majority of bearing industry issues in the U.S. are handled by
the Department of Commerce.
However, especially contentious laws are the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 ("the Byrd amendment"),
the Antidumping Act of 1916 and antidumping duties recently considered for ball bearings from China.
• ADCVD.com: a guide to U.S. antidumping and countervailing duty law
• WorldTradeLaw.net
• Manufacturing.gov
• U.S. International Trade Commission
• U.S. Federal Trade Commission
• Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for developing and coordinating U.S. international
trade, commodity, and direct investment policy, and overseeing negotiations with other countries. The head of USTR
is the U.S. Trade Representative, a Cabinet member who serves as the president’s principal trade advisor, negotiator,
and spokesperson on trade issues.
• The World Bank
• The Environmental Working Group
• ZimTrade - Zimbabwe International Trade Information and Resources
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